International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE)

Degradation Of Congo Red Based On Natural Coagulant (Moringa Oleifera)

Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The release of dyes into the environment can have deleterious effects. therefore, their handling must be done in a conscientious manner. One method that can be employed is coagulation-flocculation. The employment of natural coagulants has been demonstrated to mitigate the deleterious effects of polluting compounds on the ecosystem. Moringa oleifera, a plant native to tropical regions, including Indonesia, is a natural source of coagulants. Moringa oleifera plants are extracted using sodium chloride to isolate protein active ingredients. The utilization of a natural coagulant derived from moringa oleifera was implemented with the objective of ameliorating the deleterious effects of congo red. The effectiveness of the natural coagulant was evaluated based on the effect of initial concentration and coagulant dosage. The initial concentration and dose of coagulant exhibited a direct correlation with the efficiency of reducing congo red. An increase in the initial concentration resulted in a concomitant decrease in efficiency, while an increase in the coagulant dose demonstrated a corresponding increase in efficiency. The highest removal efficiency value was obtained when the coagulant dose was 100 ppm and the initial concentration was also 100 ppm. The consequence of this condition was a 99.46% reduction in efficiency of the congo red.

Biopolymer-based Edible Film for Food Packaging Application : Review

Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Edible films serve as an effective barrier to prevent mass transfer between the product and its environment. This innovation facilitates the development of environmentally sustainable food packaging alternatives that promote the efficient use of natural resources. A variety of biopolymers are utilized in the formulation of edible films, primarily polysaccharides, proteins, and composite materials. Polysaccharides can be further categorized according to their origin, including plant, animal, marine, microbial, and industrial waste sources. Proteins are generally classified into plant- and animal-based categories. Composite films, which combine multiple biopolymer types, offer enhanced structural properties. The application of biopolymer-based edible films presents a promising strategy for mitigating commercial plastic waste accumulation. Nevertheless, the incorporation of additives—such as plasticizers, antioxidants, and antimicrobial agents—is essential to enhance film properties and ensure compliance with quality standards for food packaging application

Integration of Waste Management and Environmental Impact Assessment for Sustainable Manufacturing in Sukolego Tofu Production

Mega Cattleya P.A. Islami, Rizky Novera Harnaningrum — Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The tofu production process, particularly in small- to medium-scale industries like Sukolego Tofu Production, generates various types of waste that pose environmental challenges. This study aims to integrate waste management practices and environmental impact analysis within a sustainable manufacturing framework. This study uses a quantitative method with a causal associative approach to measure Waste Management (X1), Environmental Impact Assessment (X2), and Sustainable Manufacturing (Y). Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 50 people living around the Sukolego Tofu Factory. Data that meets the validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests is processed to produce a linear regression equation. The analysis results indicate that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) variable has a positive and significant effect on Sustainable Manufacturing, both partially and simultaneously. However, the Waste Management variable does not exhibit a significant effect. This is supported by the significance (Sig.) values, where the EIA variable yields a value of 0.004 (p < 0.05), indicating statistical significance, whereas the Waste Management variable yields a value of 0.702, which is not statistically significant.

Risk Analysis of Temporary Storage of B3 Waste at PT. PLN (Persero) Main Unit of Transmission in Eastern Java and Bali to the Environment with the Method Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)

Asti Meilinda Sari, Restu Hikmah Ayu Murti — Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The type of waste that is classified as hazardous and toxic (B3) has characteristics that can cause environmental damage if its management is not carried out safely and according to procedures. The temporary storage facility for B3 waste owned by PT PLN (Persero) East Java and Bali Transmission Main Unit needs special attention so as not to create environmental risks around it. This study aims to identify and assess potential risks in the B3 waste storage area in the company through the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) method. The FMEA method is used to determine the possible failures that can occur in the B3 waste storage system and evaluate the impact it has on the environment. The results of the analysis showed that some failures, such as storage container leaks and ventilation system damage, have a high potential risk associated with soil and water pollution. This risk assessment provides recommendations for improving and strengthening B3 waste management, including improving monitoring and maintenance procedures of storage facilities, as well as improving training for staff involved in waste management. It is hoped that with the implementation of the results of this analysis, it can reduce the potential risks and environmental impacts caused by B3 waste management at PT. PLN (Persero) Main Unit of Transmission in East Java and Bali.

Effect of Blower Power and Engine Speed Variations on Engine Component Temperatures Fueled by B40 and Off-Grade CPO

Ivan Maulana, Wilianadi Saputro, Erwan Saputro — Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the effect of blower power variation and engine speed on the temperature of diesel engine components fueled by B40 and off-grade Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The experiment was conducted using a Kubota RD 65 DI-NB diesel engine with a constant electrical load of 4 kW at two engine speeds: 1200 and 2000 RPM. The off-grade CPO was preheated to 100°C, while B40 was used without any special treatment. The blower air supply was varied from 0% to 100% to evaluate its impact on the engine’s thermal behavior. The results indicate that increasing blower power up to 100% causes a rise in temperature in the cylinder head, cylinder block, exhaust pipe, and coolant tank, whereas a decrease in temperature is observed in the intake pipe. Under all engine speed conditions, engines fueled with off-grade CPO showed higher average temperatures compared to those using B40, with increases of 4.81% in the cylinder head, 8.47% in the cylinder block, 10.16% in the intake pipe, 6.86% in the exhaust pipe, and 5.81% in the coolant tank. These temperature increases are attributed to the higher oxygen content and viscosity of off-grade CPO, which lead to larger fuel droplets and incomplete combustion, thereby increasing deposit formation. These findings highlight the significant influence of fuel characteristics and air supply on the thermal performance of diesel engines.

Tailoring the Adsorptive Efficiency and Pore Characteristics of Silica through Solvothermal Treatment Assisted by Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB)

Fransiska Altrima Key Timu, Nanik Astuti Rahman — Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Silica is a porous material widely utilized across various fields. One of the potential sources of silica is sandblasting waste, which contains more than 90% silica. This study aims to investigate the influence of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) concentration and solvothermal duration on producing silica with enhanced adsorption capacity and porosity. The independent variables in this research include CTAB surfactant concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%, as well as solvothermal processing times of 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 hours. The optimal result was obtained with the addition of 0.5% CTAB and a solvothermal duration of 16 hours, in which SEM-EDX analysis revealed large visible pores formed by aggregates of fine particles arranged in a homogeneous structure. The adsorption capacity, using a methylene blue concentration of 30 mg, was found to be 27.1822 mg/g. Based on the study on the Enhancement of Adsorption Capacity and Porosity of Silica Using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) via the Solvothermal Method, it can be concluded that both adsorption capacity and porosity are influenced by the addition of CTAB, solvothermal duration, and the concentration of methylene blue used in the adsorption capacity test.

Characteristics of Synbiotic Drink from Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) Tubers and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds Extract

Sri Winarti, Jariyah, Aulia Islamiati Yusuf, Ardilini Destyaning Arum — Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Synbiotic drinks are fermented beverages composed of ingredients that encompass prebiotics and probiotic bacteria. A study was conducted to develop a synbiotic drink using Jicama tubers extract and sunflower seeds extract along with the probiotic bacteria including Lactobacillus casei FNCC-0090, Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC-0051, Bifidobacterium breve BRL-131, and Bifidobacterium bifidum BRL-130. The objective of this research was to assess the impact of varying proportions of Jicama tubers extract (Jc) and Sunflower seeds extract (Sf), as well as fermentation duration on the characteristics of synbiotic drinks. The experimental design employed a factorial completely randomized design with two factors: the proportions of Jicama and sunflower seed extract (75:25, 50:50, and 25:75) and fermentation time (8, 12, 16, and 20 h). Data from the study were analyzed using ANOVA (P<0.05), and significant differences between treatments were assessed by DMRT. The optimal treatment was determined at the 50:50 proportion of Jicama and sunflower seed extract, with an 20 h fermentation time, yielding a synbiotic drink characterized by total LAB of 11.34 log CFU/mL, total lactic acid of 1.29%, N-amino of 4.67 %, antioxidant activity of 33.5%, viscosity of 37.08 cP, inulin content of 1.03%, and vitamin E content of 0.58%.

Effect of Air Velocity on Temperature Distribution in B40 and B100 Oil Burners

Andre Rifqi Rizqullah, Wiliandi Saputro, Erwan Saputro — Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dependence on fossil fuels has encouraged Indonesia to develop biodiesel, in line with the mandatory B40 policy. This study examines the effect of air velocity variations on the combustion performance of B40 (40% palm biodiesel and 60% diesel) and B100 (100% palm biodiesel) fuels. Experiments were conducted using an oil burner with air velocities of 20, 35, 45, 50, and 55 m/s. The flame temperature distribution was measured at distances of 150 mm, 300 mm, 450 mm, 600 mm, 750 mm, and 900 mm from the burner nozzle using a K-type thermocouple. The results showed that the flame temperature increased with air velocity, peaked at 45 m/s, and decreased at higher velocities. The B100 fuel produced a higher flame temperature than B40, with a maximum temperature of 1052°C. The decrease in temperature above 45 m/s is due to the cooling effect of the stronger airflow, which reduces combustion efficiency. The flame temperature also tends to decrease as the distance from the burner nozzle increases, reflecting the influence of turbulence and natural cooling on heat distribution. This study highlights the importance of controlling air velocity and measurement distance to optimize flame temperature and combustion efficiency in burner systems.

Optimization of Solar Energy for Control Systems and Electrical Grid Projections at Substations

Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines the utilization of solar panels as an effort to optimize solar energy in the control systems and projections of the electrical grid at substations to support the transition to renewable energy in Indonesia. Dependence on fossil fuels, which causes high carbon emissions, and Indonesia's commitment to the Paris Agreement are the main backgrounds for this innovation. The system is designed using two 12 V solar cells connected in series to produce a 24 Vdc output, and is equipped with an automatic switching mechanism between the supply from the solar panels and National Power Plant (PLN). Observations over the course of one month showed an increase in current from 0.78 A to 1.55 A and power from 18.3 W to 38.2 W, indicating an improvement in energy conversion efficiency. However, the storage capacity significantly decreased from 35.56 Ah to 7.78 Ah, due to shorter charging durations and fluctuations in ambient temperature. This system has the potential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, support sustainable electrification, and provide environmentally friendly electricity distribution solutions in areas not yet reached by conventional networks. Further development is needed in the energy storage aspect to enhance the overall performance of the system.

Comparative Analysis of Rrs486 and Rrs551 Wavelength Effectiveness from SNPP_VIIRS Satellite Imagery for Chlorophyll-a Mapping in Madura Strait, East Java

Diyah Ayu Apriliana, Hendrikus Yuliano, Hendrata Wibisana — Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study assesses the comparative performance of two remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) wavelengths, Rrs486 and Rrs551, derived from Suomi NPP VIIRS imagery, for estimating chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration in the Madura Strait, East Java, Indonesia. SNPP-VIIRS data from January 2025 and in-situ chl-a measurements from 25 sampling stations were analyzed to evaluate statistical relationships between satellite-derived Rrs and field observations. Correlation results show that Rrs486 has a stronger negative relationship with chl-a (r = –0.92) than Rrs551 (r = –0.83). Empirical algorithms developed for each wavelength indicate superior performance of the Rrs486-based model, yielding R² = 0.84, RMSE = 0.0021 mg/m³, and MAPE = 6.8%. In comparison, the Rrs551-based model produced lower accuracy with R² = 0.69, RMSE = 0.0037 mg/m³, and MAPE = 11.2%. A reflectance ratio algorithm (Rrs486/Rrs551) also demonstrated strong predictive potential (R² = 0.88). Spatial mapping using the optimal Rrs486 algorithm revealed higher chl-a concentrations near coastal zones and lower values in offshore waters. Overall, the findings confirm that Rrs486 provides more reliable chl-a estimations due to its spectral proximity to chlorophyll-a absorption features, supporting improved satellite-based monitoring in tropical coastal environments.