Comparative Analysis of Biomass-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ion Removal

Authors

  • Beta Cahaya Pertiwi Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0959-5952
  • Noni Firginia Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Fauzan Satyasyauqi Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
  • Maudy Pratiwi Novia Matovanni Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia

Keywords:

biomass, heavy metal removal, sustainable remediation

Abstract

This study investigates the adsorption capabilities of various biomass-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. This research focusses on the comparative effectiveness of chemical and steam activation methods. Steam-activated adsorbents derived from wine sector waste exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity for Pb²⁺ ions of 399 mg/g. Adsorbents derived from walnut shells and chemically activated with HNO₃ ions exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 204.08 mg/g for Cu²⁺ ions. Steam-activated spruce sawdust adsorbents achieved optimal adsorption of Fe²⁺ ions at a capacity of 329 mg/g. The adsorption capacity for Cd⁺ ions was determined to be 116 mg/g, achieved through microwave-assisted steam activation of palm kernel shell-based adsorbents. The research emphasizes the necessity of selecting appropriate activation techniques based on specific heavy metal ions and the desired adsorption properties. Additionally, there is a necessity for further investigation into the processes of pore structure development and their impact on adsorption effectiveness. The findings suggest that developing adsorbent from biomass waste represents a sustainable and effective method for reducing heavy metal contamination in industrial wastewater, thereby advancing environmental protection and resource efficiency.

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Published

2025-05-31

How to Cite

Pertiwi, B. C., Firginia, N., Satyasyauqi, M. F., & Matovanni, M. P. N. (2025). Comparative Analysis of Biomass-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ion Removal. International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE), 6(1), 30–37. Retrieved from https://ijeise.upnjatim.ac.id/index.php/ijeise/article/view/155

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