The International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE) is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and preserving the integrity of the academic record. In accordance with the guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), IJEISE has established the following policies to address issues requiring the withdrawal, retraction, correction, or removal of submitted or published manuscripts.

1. Article Withdrawal (Pre-Publication)

Article withdrawal applies to manuscripts that have been submitted or accepted for publication but have not yet been formally published with complete volume, issue, and page information.

• Author-Initiated Withdrawal: Authors may request to withdraw their manuscript before the peer-review process is completed by submitting a formal letter signed by all co-authors explaining the reason. If authors request withdrawal after the manuscript has been accepted, they must provide a compelling justification, as significant editorial resources have already been invested.
• Editor-Initiated Withdrawal: IJEISE reserves the right to withdraw articles at any stage prior to formal publication if evidence of academic misconduct is discovered. This includes multiple submissions, bogus authorship, plagiarism, or fraudulent data. In such cases, the authors' institutions may be notified.

2. Article Retraction (Post-Publication)

Retractions are issued for published articles to correct the scientific record when a manuscript's core findings or conclusions are found to be severely flawed or invalid. IJEISE will consider retracting an article under the following circumstances:

• Scientific Misconduct: Clear evidence of data fabrication, falsification, or manipulation.
• Plagiarism and Redundancy: The article contains severe plagiarism or has been previously published in another journal without proper disclosure or justification.
• Unethical Research: The research violates established ethical protocols or lacks required ethical approvals.
• Major Errors: Honest computational or experimental errors that fundamentally invalidate the main conclusions of the research.

Retraction Process: When an article is retracted, the original PDF and HTML versions will remain accessible on the IJEISE website but will be clearly watermarked as "RETRACTED" on every page. A separate Retraction Notice detailing the reasons for the retraction and identifying who initiated it (authors, editors, or both) will be published and linked to the original article.

3. Article Correction (Erratum and Corrigendum)

IJEISE will issue a formal correction when a published article contains a significant error that affects the scientific record, the integrity of the paper, or the reputation of the authors, provided the error does not completely invalidate the research findings.

• Erratum: Issued when a significant error is introduced by the journal or publisher during the editing or production process (e.g., formatting errors affecting data readability).
• Corrigendum: Issued when a significant error is introduced by the authors (e.g., incorrect unit of measurement, misidentified author affiliation, or a specific statistical miscalculation).

Corrections are published as separate documents that bidirectionally link to the original published article.

4. Article Removal

In highly exceptional circumstances, it may be necessary to completely remove an article from the online database. This action is taken only when leaving the article online poses a severe risk. Conditions for complete removal include:

• The article contains defamatory statements or violates the legal rights of a third party.
• The article is the subject of a court order requiring its removal.
• The article contains information that poses a serious health risk or violates the privacy of research subjects.

In the event of an article removal, the bibliographic metadata (title and authors) will be retained, and the full text will be replaced with a brief notice explaining that the article has been removed for legal or safety reasons.